They converted to the church, including his cousin Willard Richards. [82] Young named Heber C. Kimball as his first counselor and Willard Richards as his second. He married single women and widows. [26] His third child and first son, Joseph A. Only at the end, did Brigham Young sacrifice John D. Lee, when it became obvious that the Nation would have justice for the atrocity. [175] The policy and practice of polygamy was difficult for many in the church to accept. History of Brigham Young, entry dated 5 Jan. 1852, in Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDSCA. What are the advantages and disadvantages of video capture hardware? He was initially skeptical on whether or not the school's administration would allow the speech but received a message of encouragement from the administrator who reviewed his speech, telling him it was great and to . [192], In another Death Valley Days episode in 1969, "Biscuits and Billy, the Kid", Michael Hinn (19131988) of the former Boots and Saddles western series was cast as Young. . [167][168][169] There is also evidence to suggest Young believed in the racial superiority of white men. "[76], Upon being asked why he chose for them to settle in the Salt Lake Valley, Young stated: "We have been kicked out of the frying-pan into the fire, out of the fire into the middle of the floor, and here we are and here we will stay. The sheer variety of Brigham Young's marriages makes it difficult to make sense of them. This was partly experienced when Young traveled with his wife, Miriam, and Heber C. Kimball to visit the branch of the church in Columbia. [154] In 1873, he announced that he would step down as president of the Deseret National Bank and of ZCMI, as well as from his role as trustee-in-trust for the church. [115][116][117] The LDS Church has since repudiated the AdamGod doctrine. [146] Young's letter reportedly arrived on September 13, 1857, two days after the massacre. Seventeen children who were too young to remember the attack were spared. Brigham Young was also played by Terence Stamp in the 2007 film September Dawn. should serve the seed of Abraham; he should not be a ruler, nor vote for men to rule over me nor my brethren. Conditions Governing Access. Young's message of reply to Haight, dated September 10, 1857, read: In regard to emigration trains passing through our settlements, we must not interfere with them until they are first notified to keep away. Young informed Van Vliet that he was skeptical that the army's intentions were peaceful and that the Mormons intended to resist occupation. [103] Young said, "I hope to see an Academy established in Provo at which the children of the Latter-day Saints can receive a good education unmixed with the pernicious atheistic influences that are found in so many of the higher schools of the country. [129], Throughout his time as prophet, Young went to great lengths to deny the assumption that he was the author of the practice of priesthood denial to black men, asserting instead that the Lord was. A key element of the teachings of this group in Young's eyes was their practicing of spiritual gifts like speaking in tongues and prophecy. At its prime, the alphabet was used in two Deseret News articles, two elementary readers, and in a translation of the Book of Mormon. Though he himself was hundreds of miles away, the literal hour struck for Brigham Young at Carthage Jail precisely at "5 o'clock, 16 minutes, and 26 seconds" on the afternoon of June 27, 1844. [29][30] On May 4, 1835, Young and other apostles went on a mission to the east coast, specifically in Pennsylvania and New York. The Constitution of Deseret is silent upon this, we meant it should be so. Brigham left Auburn in the spring of 1823 to work in Port Byron, New York, where he repaired furniture and painted canal boats. Reared in the famous Beehive House, Mrs. Spencer has carried with her through life the patient, loving influence of her parents. The trailer hinted through his clenched fist and extreme headshot that they will resurface again. [33] He oversaw the finishing of the Kirtland temple and spoke in tongues at its dedication in 1836. More of the Story Brigham Young was born in Whitingham, Vermont, on June 1, 1801. The study included a total of 2,097 young patients (<50 years) admitted for a heart attack in two large hospitals. "Two missionaries of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, serving in the Colombia Cali mission were the victims of a robbery and assault. He joined the Masons in Nauvoo on April 7, 1842, and participated in an early endowment ritual led by Joseph Smith that May and became part of the Anointed Quorum. He used tobacco but did not drink alcohol. [5] It is unclear whether Young held this view because of a possible belief that this specific group posed a threat to colonists or that they were responsible for past crimes against Mormons. Young is the longest-serving president of the LDS Church to date, having served for 29 years. [83][84] Young and his counselors were again sustained unanimously by church members at a church conference in Salt Lake City in September 1850.[85]. The horror of rape or sexual assault is traumatizing enough for any victim. Brigham Young wasn't the only latter-day prophet to have such close experiences with death. [145] Leonard J. Arrington reports that Young received a rider at his office on the day of the massacre, and that when he learned of the contemplated attack by members of the church in Parowan and Cedar City, he sent back a letter directing that the Fancher party be allowed to pass through the territory unmolested. Florence Claxton's graphic novel, The Adventures of a Woman in Search of Her Rights (1872), satirizes a would-be emancipated woman whose failure to establish an independent career results in her marriage to Young before she wakes to discover she's been dreaming. An estimated 5,000 members were endowed between December 10, 1845 and February 1846. Brigham Young tried to stop the massacre. He also tried to promote Mormon self-sufficiency by establishing collectivist communities, known as the United Order of Enoch. [65] Not all church members followed Young. Young's siblings and their spouses were baptized that year or the year afterwards. If the circumstances of his life had worked out differently [he] might have become a captain of industryan Andrew Carnegie or John D. Rockefeller or a railroad builder. Brigham Young was the second president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, from 1847 until his death in 1877. As she goes back in memory to the old home, she revives the scenes and varied events which filled her childhood days .more Under Smith's leadership, Young participated in the building of the Kirtland and Nauvoo temples. No. Was not referring to his death, just the stabbing. The remains of about 40 people were later found and buried, and U.S. Army officer James Henry Carleton had a large cross made from local trees, the transverse beam bearing the engraving, "Vengeance Is Mine, Saith The Lord: I Will Repay" and erected a cairn of rocks at the site. GILBERT, Ariz. (KPHO/Gray News) - A family in Arizona says their child was attacked by an out-of-control dog at an area park last week. "[113] Young believed that sexual desire was given by God to ensure the perpetuation of humankind, and believed sex should be confined to marriage. [91] It was established on February 28, 1850, as the University of Deseret; its name was eventually changed to the University of Utah. After marrying Abigail, John Young settled in Massachusetts. Joseph had been a Reformed Methodist preacher and the two made a similar "preaching circuit" in eastern Canada. As the competing rail lines approach Utah from the east and west coasts, Young supplies Mormon laborers to both railroad companies and negotiates with the railways to have them make Salt Lake City their meeting point. His call was to preach to the "remnants of Joseph," a term people in the Church used to refer to indigenous people. The LDS Church's Doctrine and Covenants contains one section from Young that has been canonized as scripture, added in 1876. [190], Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., talking about his fondness of trees, joked in his The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table: "I call all trees mine that I have put my wedding-ring on, and I have as many tree-wives as Brigham Young has human ones."[191]. [27][28], At a conference on February 14, 1835, Brigham Young was named and ordained a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. The game in question was against Brigham Young University, as part of the Mountain West semifinals. [78] On August 7, Brigham suggested that the members of the camp be re-baptized to signify a re-dedication to their beliefs and covenants. [25][26] Prior to his execution, Lee claimed that he was a scapegoat for others involved: I have always believed, since that day, that General George A. Smith was then visiting Southern Utah to prepare the people for the work of exterminating Captain Fancher's train of emigrants, and I now believe that he was sent for that purpose by the direct command of Brigham Young. [16][17], Young first heard about the massacre from John D. Lee, one of the participants. [119][120] Instead, those who committed such sins could partially atone for their sin by sacrificing their life in a way that sheds blood. This video is private Watch on My dear brothers and sisters, Wendy and I have looked forward to being with you today. Buchanan later pardoned Young. [177] Young did not live with a number of his wives or publicly hold them out as wives, which has led to confusion on the number and their identities. He joined the Nauvoo city council in 1841 and oversaw the first baptisms for the dead in the unfinished Nauvoo temple. [142] Buchanan accepted the reports of the Runaway Officials without any further investigation, and the new non-sectarian governor was appointed and sent to the new territory accompanied by 2,500 soldiers. This blog does not store any files on its server. On. There he showed a talent for organizing the church's work and maintaining good relationships with Joseph Smith and the other apostles. Instead, this able, energetic, earthy man became the absolute ruler and the revered, genuinely loved father figure of all Mormons everywhere. (Brigham Young was mistaken when he later testified that the meeting took place "some two of three months after the massacre" Young 1875.) Harriet Amelia Folsom was Wife No. Young believed that Lee's punishment was just but not a sufficient blood atonement, given the enormity of the crime, to allow Lee entrance into the celestial kingdom. After bearing mortal children and establishing the human race, Adam and Eve returned to their heavenly thrones where Adam acts as the god of this world. Only children under the age of seven, who were cared for by local Mormon families, survived, and the murdered members of the wagon train were left unburied. As part of Young's vision of a pre-millennial "Kingdom of God," Young established colonies along the California and Old Spanish Trails, where Mormon officials governed as leaders of church, state, and military. Young, Brigham Born June 1, 1801 Whitingham, Vermont Died August 29, 1877 Salt Lake City, Utah Religious leader Mormon leader Brigham Young led his followers on a trek across the American plains to the Great Salt Lake Valley in present-day Utah. [193], Gregg Henry depicts Young in the fourth (2014) and fifth (2015) seasons of the TV series Hell on Wheels, a fictional story about the construction of the First transcontinental railroad. Crews are continuing cleanup of the area where hazardous materials including vinyl chloride, ethyl acrylate and isobutylene may have . [54][55] In March 1844, Brigham Young was an inaugural member of the Council of Fifty, which later organized the Mormon exodus from Nauvoo. By the summer of 1877, Young's health was in decline, but he continued to play an active role in the Mormon church up until the end. [143] Young eventually reached a settlement with the aid of a peace commission and agreed to step down as governor. "[128] Young was also a vocal opponent of theories of human polygenesis, being a firm voice for stating that all humans were the product of one creation. [153], Young was also involved in the organization of the Salt Lake Gas Works, the Salt Lake Water Works, an insurance company, a bank, and the ZCMI store in downtown Salt Lake City. [8] This letter has yet to be found,[9] but accounts say that it asked Young what, if anything, should be done with the BakerFancher party camped at nearby Mountain Meadows. [48][49][50] Young was one of the first men in Nauvoo to practice polygamy, and he married more women than any other polygamist while in Nauvoo. A large slab of granite was put up on which he had the following words engraved: "Here 120 men, women and children were massacred in cold blood early in September, 1857. During the defense of Utah, now called the Utah War, Young held the U.S. Army at bay for a winter by taking their cattle and burning supply wagons. "John D. Lee Arrested". In 1844, after the assassination of Mormon leader Joseph Smith by an angry mob in Illinois, the Mormons choose Brigham Young as their new leader and follow him to a new promised land in Utah. [109] During his tenure, Young oversaw construction of the Salt Lake Tabernacle and announced plans to build the St. George (1871), Manti (1875), and Logan (1877) temples. "[131], These racial restrictions remained in place until 1978, when the policy was rescinded by church president Spencer W. Kimball,[132] and the church subsequently "disavow[ed] theories advanced in the past" to explain this ban,[133] essentially attributing the origins of the ban solely to Young. Young stated that upon being taught about plural marriage by Joseph Smith: "It was the first time in my life that I desired the grave. The knowledge of how George A. Smith felt towards the emigrants, and his telling me that he had a long talk with Haight on the subject, made me certain that it was the wish of the Church authorities, that Fancher and his train should be wiped out, and knowing all this, I did not doubt then, and I do not doubt it now, either, that Haight was acting by full authority from the Church leaders, and that the orders he gave to me were just the orders that he had been directed to give, when he ordered me to raise the Indians and have them attack the emigrants.[27]. The massacre lasted less than five minutes, but when it was. [134], During 1856 and 1857, a period of renewed emphasis on spirituality within the church known as the Mormon Reformation took place under Young's direction. For instance, Joseph Smith was once attacked by an apostate from the Church, William Law, who "attempted to kill Joseph and fired a pistol at him six times at close range. Rigdon became the president of a separate church organization based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and several other potential successors emerged to lead what became other denominations of the movement. Brotherton signed an affidavit saying that she had been locked in Smith's office for two days while Young and others tried to convince her to accept polygamy. Brigham Young ( / brm /; June 1, 1801 - August 29, 1877) was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and a settler of the Western United States. 1,204,523 People also liked Later, after taking up the mantle of Mormon leader following Smith's death from dysentery, Young is among those visited by Jesus and told to have as much sex as they possibly can, to ensure the propagation of the Mormon faith.[194]. It is that selfless attitude that captured the hearts of . [175], Sources have varied on the number of Young's wives, as well as their ages. James H. Haslam, interview by S. A. Kenner, reported by Josiah Rogerson, 4 December 1884, typescript, 11, in Josiah Rogerson, Transcripts and Notes of John D. Lee Trials, LDS Church Archives. That is, they may be the new faces of conservatism in the West. Brigham Young clearly wasn't free of his ex-wife just yet. During the period just before the massacre, known as the Mormon Reformation, Mormon teachings were dramatic and strident. [40][41] Young also served in various leadership and community organization roles among church members in Nauvoo. Portrait of Ira Eldredge with his three wives: Nancy Black Eldredge, Hannah Mariah Savage Eldredge, and Helvig Marie Andersen Eldredge. He also married in Nauvoo, but did not have children with: Augusta Adams Cobb, Susannah Snively, Eliza Bowker, Ellen A. Rockwood, and Namah K. J. The Utah Territory was created by Congress as part of the Compromise of 1850, and as colonizer and founder of Salt Lake City, Young was appointed the territory's first governor and superintendent of American Indian affairs by President Millard Fillmore on February 3, 1851. When Amelia became part of the Young family in January 1863, she did not immediately move in with her sister-wives. "Territorial Dispatches: the Sentence of Lee", Brigham Young and the Mountain Meadows massacre, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Mountain Meadows massacre and Mormon theology, "Brigham Young, 2nd President of the Church", "Deposition of Brigham Young Regarding the Mountain Meadows Massacre July 30, 1875", Tragedy at Mountain Meadows Massacre: Toward a Consensus Account and Time Line, Blood of the Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows, "Loose in the stacks, a half-century with the Utah War and its legacy", "The Mountain Meadows Massacre: An Analytical Narrative Based on Participant Confessions", "Visit of the Superintendent of Indian Affairs to Southern Utah", "Horrible Massacre of Arkansas and Missouri Emigrants", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brigham_Young_and_the_Mountain_Meadows_Massacre&oldid=1124726578, Books about presidents of the church (LDS Church), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 30 November 2022, at 05:21. Materials are in English. In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. Lucy and Young had seven children together. [19] In April 1832, a branch of the church was organized in Mendon; eight of the fifteen families were Youngs. [62][63][64] Young began acting as the church's president afterwards, though he did not yet have a full presidency. [136] At a church meeting on September 21, 1856, Brigham Young stated: We need a reformation in the midst of this people; we need a thorough reform.[137] Large gatherings and meetings during this period were conducted by Young and Grant, and Young played a key role in the circulation of the Mormon Reformation with his emphasis on plural marriage, rebaptism, and passionate preaching and oration. "[14] Brooks writes, "While Brigham Young and other church authorities did not specifically order the massacre, they did preach sermons and set up social conditions that made it possible." Young instructed victims of anti-Mormon violence on the outskirts of Nauvoo to move to Nauvoo. Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key? He was the ninth child of John Young and Abigail "Nabby" Howe. Matthew Easton, a 24-year-old political science major, told an audience of thousands, "I'm not broken." It's been more than three weeks since the Norfolk Southern Railway train derailed in East Palestine, Ohio, leaking dangerous chemicals into the air, soil and water. Upon joining the Methodists, he insisted on being baptized by immersion rather than by their normal practice of sprinkling. [73] By the time Young arrived at the final destination, it had come under American control as a result of war with Mexico, although U.S. sovereignty would not be confirmed until 1848. In such a framework, the message to "not interfere" would be subordinate to the main message: let nothing stand in the way of the Mormon-Paiute alliance. A CONFESSION etched on a newly discovered lead sheet has shaken the Mormon Church by linking its revered leader, Brigham Young, with one of the worst massacres in American history. [24] In May 1834, Young became a member of Zion's Camp, and traveled to Missouri and returned to Kirtland with members of the camp in August. Prosecutors in New York City are investigating an incident in which a jazz musician said his 14-year-old son was attacked by a woman who falsely accused him of taking her iPhone. The Compromise of 1850 instead carved out Utah Territory and Young was appointed governor. Young also served a year-long mission to the United Kingdom. Term ended by removal of apostleship; was later excommunicated. According to Wilford Woodruff, in 1861 Young brought an entourage to Mountain Meadows and suggested that the monument instead read "Vengeance is mine and I have taken a little". While there, Young's father remarried to a widow named Hannah Brown, and sent Young off to learn a trade. Church historians. Young's six-year-old daughter Mary Ann died while he was on this mission. In 1849, Young arranged for a printing press to be brought to the Salt Lake Valley, which was later used to print the Deseret News periodical. Young was born shortly after his return. A century after Young's death, historian Rodman W. Paul wrote,[161]. [35][27] In August 1837, Young went on another mission to the eastern states. [46] Eight of Young's plural marriages in Nauvoo were to Joseph Smith's widows. [11] After his rest, Haslam picked up the reply from Young and was instructed to return to Cedar City with the letter quickly and not to "spare horseflesh."[11]. Open for public research. From another planet, Adam brought Eve, one of his wives, with him to the earth, where they became mortal by eating the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil. The seed of Canaan cannot hold any office, civil or ecclesiastical. He was a brother of the Mormon prophet, Brigham Young (1801-1877). Two of the southernmost establishments were Parowan and Cedar City, led respectively by stake presidents William H. Dame and Isaac C. Haight. Haight and Dame were also the senior regional military leaders of the Mormon militia. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. After Miriam died of consumption, Vilate continued to care for Brigham's children while he, Heber, and Joseph Young travelled to visit Joseph Smith in Kirtland, Ohio. She has been placed on indefinite suspension for her actions, which include punching another . . [178] In 1865, Karl Maeser began to privately tutor Young's fifty-six children and stopped when he was called on a mission to Germany in 1867. [5] Young received little formal education, but his mother taught him how to read and write. 3 (Fall 1987), pp. [175], Of Young's fifty-six wives, twenty-one had never been married before; seventeen were widows; six were divorced; six had living husbands and the marital status of six others is unknown. The practice of plural marriage brought first heavy persecution and then legislation against the Saints. When asked to comment on the story, which had, "provoked the animosity of the Mormon faithful", Doyle noted, "all I said about the Danite Band and the murders is historical so I cannot withdraw that though it is likely that in a work of fiction it is stated more luridly than in a work of history." His sisters were: Nancy Young Kent Fanny Young Murray Rhoda Young Green Nabby Young (who died young) Susannah Young Little Louisa. At the time of his death on August 23, 1877, Young had married 56 women-19 predeceased him, 10 divorced him, 23 survived him, and 4 are unaccounted for. [19] According to Lee, he informed Young that the Mormons were responsible. [170] His manuscript history from January 5, 1852, which was published in the Deseret News, reads: The negro . Young had many nicknames during his lifetime, among the most popular being "American Moses"[156] (alternatively, "Modern Moses" or "Mormon Moses"),[157][158] because, like the biblical figure, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, in an exodus through a desert, to what they saw as a promised land. Questions to be propounded to Brigham Young on his examination as a witness in the case of John D. Lee and others, on trial at Beaver City, this 30th day of July, 1875, and the answers of Brigham . Jedediah M. Grant, one of the key figures of the Reformation and one of Young's counselors, traveled throughout the Territory preaching to Latter-day Saint communities and settlements with the goal of inspiring them to reject sin and turn towards spiritual things. But for multiple young women at Brigham Young University, they claim they received backlash . Jeffery Ogden Johnson, Determining and Defining 'Wife': The Brigham Young Households, Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, Vol. [12], However, by the time that the express rider delivered Young's letter to Haight, the massacre at Mountain Meadows had already taken place.